Melatonin is a hormone produced in the brain. The release of melatonin is stimulated by darkness and is suppressed by light. Levels of melatonin in the blood are highest prior to bedtime suggesting the involvement of melatonin in sleep rhythms. Synthetic melatonin supplements have been used for a variety of medical conditions, most notably for disorders related to sleep.

There have been some studies that have investigated melatonin use in children on the spectrum. These studies have demonstrated reduced time to fall asleep and increased sleep duration. However, experts agree more studies need to be done.

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