ABA Therapy and Autism: Applied Behavioral Analysis

Among the many methods available for treatment and education of people with autism, applied behavior analysis (ABA) has become widely accepted as one of the most effective treatments. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General states, "Thirty years of research demonstrated the efficacy of applied behavioral methods in reducing inappropriate behavior and in increasing communication, learning, and appropriate social behaviors. The goal of behavioral management is to reinforce desirable behaviors and reduce undesirable ones."

ABA uses a one-on-one teaching approach, under the supervision of a behavioral psychologist. ABA ideally should be done 20-40 hours a week. Controlled trials have shown ABA therapy to be effective for improving social skills and language when provided for at least 25-40 hours per week for 2 years (Lord & McGee, 2001). Efficacy is greatest when behavioral interventions are used early, but improved skills have been reported with adolescents and adults (Weiss & Harris, 2001).

ABA can take place in a child’s room, a section of a classroom, or any area that is quiet and free of distraction. It is a carefully designed, predictable pattern of instruction that over time shapes a person’s behaviors. It should have very little down time. Those running the program must continually monitor a child’s success during therapy and systematically teach new skills. These skills can include speech, self help, social skills and school readiness skills.

Unfortunately, these programs can be very expensive and have not been widely adopted by school systems. Parents often must seek funding and staffing from other sources, which can be hard to find in many communities.

Lord, C., and McGee, J.P. (Eds.). (2001). Educating Children With Autism. Committee on Educational Interventions for Children With Autism, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington DC: National Academy Press.